Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• -TiO2 nanofibers by using N-stearoyl- ʟ/ᴅ-glutamic acid (C18-ʟ/ᴅ-Glu) lipid as the chiral template and titanium diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate) as the titanium source based on a sol–gel process [119]. The average length and width of the TiO2 nanofiber were ca. 200 and 30 nm, respectively. The

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• the presence of a stabilizer such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or polyvinylalcohol (PVA). The chemical synthesis of nanoparticles is one of the bottom-up techniques due to the fact that particles are formed from collective atoms in a nucleus rather than from the bulk [104]. 2.2.1 Sol–gel process. The

• sol–gel method is one of the most common techniques to synthesize AgNPs. The sol–gel process is considered to be a multifaceted approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles in various forms – especially complex compounds – such as metal-complex oxides, inorganic nanocomposites, and chalcogenides [144

• –gel technique at 100 °C and produced particles with an average diameter of 25 nm with hexagonal cross section. In the sol–gel process, besides temperature and gel composition, the solvent plays an important role in determining the size, morphology, and surface characteristics of the synthesized AgNPs

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• hydrothermal treatment and carbonization time under argon flow) are listed in Table 2. Preparation of carbons from resorcinol-formaldehyde gels Porous carbon monoliths were obtained by carbonization of resorcinol–formaldehyde (RF) gels obtained via a sol–gel process as previously reported [28][29]. In short

Influence of the magnetic nanoparticle coating on the magnetic relaxation time

• Mihaela Osaci and
• Matteo Cacciola

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1207–1216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.105

• sol–gel process, yielding metal-oxide nanoparticles dispersed in a mesoporous matrix. [5]. Other methods used for synthesising these nanoparticles include modifications of the sol–gel method. These methods involve supercritical conditions, such as ethyl alcohol and alkaline co-precipitation, and an

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• distributed on the surface of sepiolite or palygorskite [109][111][118]. Figure 3 also shows TEM images of TiO2 produced in a controlled sol–gel process on the external surface of sepiolite modified with cetyltrimethylammonium ions. A coverage of the silicate surface by small NPs (4–8 nm diameter) suitable

• Pangel B20, prepared by modification of montmorillonite and sepiolite with cationic surfactants, respectively) during sol-gel process, and ii) selective photodeposition of the noble metal in the previously formed TiO2@clay nanoarchitecture [131]. The good dispersion of the noble-metal NPs, clearly

One-step nonhydrolytic sol–gel synthesis of mesoporous TiO₂ phosphonate hybrid materials

• Yanhui Wang,
• P. Hubert Mutin and
• Johan G. Alauzun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 356–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.35

• the 10 to 35 ppm range. Similar broad resonances have been reported for TiO2–phenylphosphonate hybrid materials prepared in a two-step sol–gel process from Ti(OiPr)4 and PhPO3H2 [15], whereas the hybrid materials obtained by surface modification of anatase supports usually show narrower resonances [36

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• peculiar characteristic can be coupled with sol–gel processes to produce well-ordered oxidic architectures [95][96]. The sol–gel process involves various chemical reactions such as hydrolysis, condensation, and consequently, polymerization involving the monomers (for inorganic systems, either metal

Controllable one-pot synthesis of uniform colloidal TiO₂ particles in a mixed solvent solution for photocatalysis

• Jong Tae Moon,
• Seung Ki Lee and
• Ji Bong Joo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1715–1727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.163

• synthetic progress of the formation and growth of the particle and to control the properties of the final products. On the other hand, the sol–gel process, which is carried out under atmospheric pressure conditions at near room temperature, is well known as a suitable method for producing colloidal metal

• study, the synthesis of uniform TiO2 colloidal particles with controllable properties and their photocatalytic application towards the degradation of rhodamine B is discussed. More specifically, uniform TiO2 colloidal particles were synthesized by a sol–gel process in a well-controlled mixed solvent of

Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination

• Boštjan Žener,
• Lev Matoh,
• Giorgio Carraro,
• Bojan Miljević and
• Romana Cerc Korošec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155

• versatile, due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness and low-temperature synthesis. The resulting product is a material with high homogeneity and controllable morphology [8][41][42]. During the sol–gel process, initial hydrolysis of the precursor (e.g., titanium tetrachloride, titanium alkoxides) is

Correlative electrochemical strain and scanning electron microscopy for local characterization of the solid state electrolyte Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃

• Nino Schön,
• Deniz Cihan Gunduz,
• Shicheng Yu,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Roland Schierholz and
• Florian Hausen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1564–1572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.148

• . Experimental Synthesis of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) The synthesis of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) has been described in detail elsewhere [17] and consists of an oxalic acid supported sol–gel process. Binder-free dense LATP pellets as used in this study were obtained by an improved route involving

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• interaction and oxide–oxide interactions that are unreachable otherwise [38]. Xiong et al. [39] prepared magnetic iron–cerium–tungsten mixed oxide pellets using a citric acid sol–gel process assisted by microwave irradiation for the SCR-NH3 of NO. They found that the dispersion of both cerium oxide and

Calcium fluoride based multifunctional nanoparticles for multimodal imaging

• Marion Straßer,
• Joachim H. X. Schrauth,
• Sofia Dembski,
• Daniel Haddad,
• Bernd Ahrens,
• Stefan Schweizer,
• Bastian Christ,
• Alevtina Cubukova,
• Marco Metzger,
• Heike Walles,
• Peter M. Jakob and
• Gerhard Sextl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1484–1493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.148

• fluorolytic sol–gel process [33]. The stability and biocompatibility of CaF2 makes it an attractive material for biomedical applications [28][29]. In addition, due to the high capacity to accept lanthanide ions, CaF2 is suitable for the preparation of CAs for multimodal imaging [24]. In this study, we report

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• fiber by fibrillar and interconnected silica fine-structures. The high surface area of the nanostructured composite fiber may be exploited for catalytic applications and adsorption purposes. Keywords: biomimetic silicification; carbon fiber; self-assembly; silica nanotubes; sol–gel process

• acid catalyzed sol–gel process was tested by employing sodium silicate solution at pH 2 (Supporting Information File 1, Figures S1 and S2). As can be seen from these reference experiments, nucleation takes also place in the continuous phase, i.e., the fiber dispersing phase, leading to the formation of

Investigation of the photocatalytic efficiency of tantalum alkoxy carboxylate-derived Ta₂O₅ nanoparticles in rhodamine B removal

• Subia Ambreen,
• Mohammad Danish,
• Narendra D. Pandey and
• Ashutosh Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 604–613, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.65

• various nanoparticles are given in Table 2. Smaller particles exhibit larger surface areas. The difference in various properties of Ta2O5 nanoparticles synthesized from alkoxides and alkoxy carboxylates may be attributed to the fact that the evolution of the sol–gel process in both the cases is different

• dimeric in nature, i.e., the geometry of parent alkoxides is maintained. The replacement of alkoxy groups by chloroacetate ligands in Ta(OR)5 (OR = OEt/On-Bu) slows down the hydrolysis during the sol–gel process. The bidentate carboxylate groups are difficult to hydrolyze and therefore, alkoxy groups are

Fiber optic sensors based on hybrid phenyl-silica xerogel films to detect n-hexane: determination of the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption

• Jesús C. Echeverría,
• Ignacio Calleja,
• Paula Moriones and
• Julián J. Garrido

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 475–484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.51

• more mechanisms, such as electrostatic, hydrophobic or hydrogen bonding. Films made of hybrid silica materials synthesized by the sol–gel process are well suited for the preparation of sensing elements. These films have chemical and thermal stability, transparency over a wide wavelength range

• and cladding at the end of the fibers were then cut using a precision fiber cleaver (Fujikura, model CT-30, Vista, CA, USA). The xerogel films were prepared using the sol–gel process at pH 10 from mixtures of phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTEOS) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Absolute ethanol and aqueous

Template-controlled piezoactivity of ZnO thin films grown via a bioinspired approach

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Fabian Streb,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Zaklina Burghard and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 296–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.32

• the films due to their (002) texture. This also reflects in the value obtained for deff of 3.2 pm V−1 (d33 = 6.4 pm V−1). This value is in the range or higher than the one of other oriented, ZnO thin films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering (2–13 pm V−1) [14] or sol–gel process (5 pm V−1) [15]. Since

Sensitive detection of hydrocarbon gases using electrochemically Pd-modified ZnO chemiresistors

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 82–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.9

• contrary, high selectivity towards NO2 gas detection was obtained by using pristine ZnO chemiresistors. Experimental Sol–gel synthesis of ZnO ZnO nanostructures were prepared via a sol–gel process following the procedure reported in [45]. The subsequent washing of the obtained gel led to the complete

Fundamental properties of high-quality carbon nanofoam: from low to high density

• Natalie Frese,
• Shelby Taylor Mitchell,
• Christof Neumann,
• Amanda Bowers,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Klaus Sattler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2065–2073, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.197

• nanowires have been produced [9]. A few studies of semiconductor and insulator nanofoams have also been reported. A sol–gel process was used to produce silicon nanofoam and acousto-optic characteristics were probed [10]. Silica nanofoam was used as a support material for highly active single- and dual-site

Organoclay hybrid materials as precursors of porous ZnO/silica-clay heterostructures for photocatalytic applications

• Marwa Akkari,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Abdessalem Ben Haj Amara and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1971–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.188

• . Tetramethoxyorthosilicate (TMOS) from Fluka (>98 %) was used here as silica precursor. Sample preparations ZnO (NP) synthesis was achieved as reported by Akkari et al. [22]. In a first step, SiO2-clay organo-heterostructures (Figure 1) were synthesized by a heterocoagulation reaction involving a sol–gel process with the

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• stoichiometry of the oxygen-to-titanium content ratio play a major role in the electrical properties of TiO2 [17]. Different ways in which TiO2 can be prepared include sol–gel process [18][19][20], flame spray synthesis [21], hydrothermal process [22], electrospinning methods [23], chemical and physical vapor

Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers as templates for stacked, spherical large-mesopore silica coatings: dependence of silica pore size on the PS/PEO ratio

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Giuliana Magnacca,
• Sushilkumar A. Jadhav and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1454–1460, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.137

• , membrane technology, drug delivery, dosing, adsorption, sensing, among many others [1][2][3][4][5]. Different approaches have been applied in order to obtain porous materials characterized by a controlled porous architecture. A sol–gel process, carried out in combination with a templating method and spin

Fast diffusion of silver in TiO₂ nanotube arrays

• Wanggang Zhang,
• Yiming Liu,
• Diaoyu Zhou,
• Hui Wang,
• Wei Liang and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1129–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.105

• -dimensional structures. To increase the electric performance of TiO2, TiO2-based materials have been developed by incorporating metal nanoparticles in TiO2 nanotube arrays, using electrochemical deposition [21], irradiation of microwave [22], reduction [23], and sol–gel process [24], which involve the use of

Evaluation of gas-sensing properties of ZnO nanostructures electrochemically doped with Au nanophases

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.3

• stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) directly on the surface of nanostructured ZnO powders, previously synthesized through a sol–gel process. The effect of thermal annealing temperatures (300 and 550 °C) on chemical, morphological, and structural properties of pristine and Au-doped ZnO nancomposites (Au

• Sol–gel synthesis of ZnO ZnO nanostructures were prepared through a sol–gel process. An aqueous solution of ZnCl2 (0.1 M) was heated to 60 °C for 1 h in a water-bath under continuous stirring. Ammonia solution (0.1 M) was then added drop-wise until a dense gel was formed at pH 9 [43]. The gel was

A single-source precursor route to anisotropic halogen-doped zinc oxide particles as a promising candidate for new transparent conducting oxide materials

• Daniela Lehr,
• Markus R. Wagner,
• Johanna Flock,
• Julian S. Reparaz,
• Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres,
• Alexander Klaiber,
• Thomas Dekorsy and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2161–2172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.222

• routes in the liquid phase are commonly applied [35][36][37]. Whereas, bottom-up techniques such as the sol–gel process for metal oxides [38][39] work perfectly for the generation of an entire zoo of nanostructures, to realize at the same time intentional doping of those nanostructures is extremely

Effect of SiN_x diffusion barrier thickness on the structural properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ films obtained by sol–gel dip coating and reactive magnetron sputtering

• Mohamed Nawfal Ghazzal,
• Eric Aubry,
• Nouari Chaoui and
• Didier Robert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2039–2045, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.207

• (reactive sputtering) are affected differentially by the intercalating SiNx diffusion barrier. Increasing the thickness of the SiNx diffusion barrier induced a gradual decrease of the crystallite size of TiO2 films obtained by the sol–gel process. However, TiO2 obtained using the reactive sputtering method

• detail elsewhere [14]. Sol–gel dip coating of TiO2/SiNx/SLG The TiO2 films prepared using the sol–gel process is described in detail elsewhere [7]. Briefly, titanium(IV) isopropoxide is used as a precursor to synthesize the TiO2 sol via an acid-catalyzed sol–gel process at room temperature by dissolving

• shows SEM images highlighting the TiO2 film morphology resulting from the sol–gel process and calcination at 450 °C for an increasing SiNx barrier thickness. The surface of the film resulting from the sol−gel method was uniform. The average grain size was about 30−50 nm when a TiO2 film was directly